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- <text id=89TT2233>
- <title>
- Aug. 28, 1989: Lebanon:A Preview Of The Apocalypse
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Aug. 28, 1989 World War II:50th Anniversary
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 23
- LEBANON
- A Preview of The Apocalypse
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A war without end tests the limits of endurance in Beirut
- </p>
- <p> Factional strife has ripped Lebanon again and again over
- the past 14 years, numbing outrage at the carnage. But last week
- Beirut seemed to offer a grisly preview of the apocalypse. The
- fighting between Christian soldiers and Muslim and Syrian
- soldiers rose to a pitch that tested the limits of human
- endurance and forced the outside world to take notice. "Beirut
- is being wiped off the face of the earth," cried the Christian
- Voice of Lebanon radio. Rival Muslim station Voice of the Nation
- shared, at least, the agony. "Is this meaningless war going to
- continue until the last Lebanese is dead?"
- </p>
- <p> It certainly seems that way. The ferocious shelling gave
- way only for lulls to permit both sides to reload. Calls for a
- cease-fire were drowned out by the volcanic bombardments.
- Western officials wrung their hands and made vain appeals to
- reason. But the sky continued to rain fire and death on the city
- in a prolonged paroxysm of violence.
- </p>
- <p> There is not much the watching world can do to stop it.
- Bitterly stung by previous attempts to serve as a buffer among
- Lebanon's feuding militias, Europe and the U.S. steered clear
- of direct intervention, appealing instead for a campaign of
- international pressure to quiet the guns. The U.N. Security
- Council urged an immediate cease-fire. Pope John Paul II blamed
- Damascus for "genocide." But the pleas had little impact on a
- situation that is governed by passion and irrationality. Unless
- a cease-fire can be brokered quickly, Syria and its allies might
- risk an all out assault to crush the Christian forces.
- </p>
- <p> The adversaries have been shelling each other mercilessly
- since March, when Major General Michel Aoun, the determined
- Christian President of the divided nation, clamped a blockade
- on Muslim ports and declared a "war of liberation" against
- Syria. Last week came intimations of a more serious escalation
- in hostilities. Syrian-backed Muslim forces attempted to invade
- the Christian sector. Aoun's troops successfully repulsed the
- ground attack on the town of Suq al Gharb, the gateway to the
- Christian stronghold in the southeast of the capital. The battle
- of Beirut appeared to be entering a crucial phase.
- </p>
- <p> Damascus denied that any Syrian troops, who entered Lebanon
- as peacekeepers in 1976 and neglected to leave, had taken part
- in the assault. Yet plainly Syria was deeply involved. A Muslim
- officer who fought under Aoun stated that both Druze and Syrian
- forces advanced on Suq al Gharb, then turned back under heavy
- Christian fire, leaving 35 dead Syrians behind. In Damascus,
- Syrian President Hafez Assad convened representatives of various
- Muslim, Druze and Palestinian militias to map out a combat plan
- to topple Aoun. The war council aroused international concern
- that Syria, which has upwards of 30,000 troops inside Lebanon,
- might be preparing to invade the 300-sq.-mi. Christian enclave.
- Despite the evident danger, none of the combatants seem willing
- to back down. Syria stated flatly that there could be no
- cease-fire in Beirut until Aoun stepped aside. Responded Aoun:
- "A cease-fire is not the national objective. The Syrian regime
- does not belong in this country." To the Western leaders who
- pleaded from the sidelines, he said, "If declarations are all
- the rest of the world can offer, I would prefer the rest of the
- world shut up."
- </p>
- <p> Only France made some serious attempts to build pressure.
- In addition to deploying two warships to the region, President
- Francois Mitterrand dispatched a flood of envoys to Moscow and
- key Arab League capitals, which command some leverage over
- Syria. But Mitterrand's diplomacy cut little ice in Lebanon,
- where France is regarded as an ally of the Maronites, or in
- Damascus, where France is suspect for its support of Iraq in the
- gulf war.
- </p>
- <p> At the heart of Lebanon's misery is a 1943 "national pact"
- reaffirming that the predominance of power would be held by the
- majority Christian community. Since then, the Muslim population
- has overwhelmed the Christian count, but the political
- arrangements have not been altered to reflect the Muslims'
- strength. Until that imbalance is redressed, tribal hostilities
- will not cease.
- </p>
- <p> Lebanon's turf war is hopelessly entangled in other
- conflicts. Aoun and Assad have developed a deep personal
- animosity. Aoun regards Assad as the head of an occupational
- force, which must be driven out. Assad, who considers Lebanon
- part of Greater Syria, has been embarrassed that in the past six
- months Aoun's smaller forces have held the Muslims at bay.
- "Assad doesn't want to annihilate the Christians," says retired
- Israeli Brigadier General Aharon Levran. "He just wants Aoun's
- head."
- </p>
- <p> Aoun gets help from Iraq, eager to exact revenge for
- Syria's support of Iran in the gulf war. Baghdad has been
- shipping weapons to the Christians mainly to gall Syria. Long
- rivals for hegemony in the region, the two Arab giants seem to
- be fighting a proxy war on Lebanese soil. The struggle for
- control of Lebanon is further confused by the power contest in
- Tehran and the fate of the 15 foreign hostages.
- </p>
- <p> Western leaders are trying to halt the slaughter through
- international pressure on Assad. The Syrian President does not
- wish to offend the West when his country sorely needs economic
- help. Nor can Assad calculate Israel's or Iraq's response to an
- assault by his troops that would amount to Syrian control of
- Lebanon.
- </p>
- <p> But both Assad and Aoun seem bent on the same deadly
- gambit: Damascus hopes the violence will turn Christians against
- Aoun; the Maronite leader hopes it will bring intervention from
- the West against Syria. Meantime, it is the people of Lebanon
- who continue to suffer, particularly those -- Muslim and
- Christian alike -- who live in Beirut, where the shells have
- killed almost 800 and wounded over 2,000 since March. The
- fortunate have fled, paring the city's population from 1.5
- million to just 150,000. Those who remain huddle by night in
- airless underground shelters, listening to the sounds of
- destruction. Those who venture out by day find their streets
- overrun by starving dogs and giant rats and occupied by
- implacable soldiers. "They are murdering the city," says one
- forlorn resident. The fear is that the remaining people may be
- murdered as well.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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